A bunion, also known as hallux valgus, is a structural foot deformity that forms at the base of the big toe. The big toe gradually shifts toward the smaller toes, while the first metatarsal moves outward. This changes the alignment of the foot and creates a visible bump along the inside of the foot. The area may become red, swollen, or irritated, especially when shoes press against it. Over time, the big toe may angle farther inward, and the joint can become stiff, enlarged, and painful.

Bunion symptoms vary from mild irritation to persistent discomfort. Common signs include pain, swelling, and difficulty walking comfortably. Calluses or thickened skin may develop when pressure increases around the affected area. Risk factors include family history, inherited foot structure, and certain inflammatory or joint conditions. Narrow or pointed shoes do not usually cause bunions by themselves, but they can increase pressure and aggravate existing symptoms.

Bunions can develop because of inherited foot mechanics, uneven weight distribution, or structural changes within the foot. A podiatrist can evaluate the condition by examining the foot and discussing symptoms. The exam may include checking joint movement, looking at foot alignment, and observing walking patterns. X-rays may be recommended to assess bone positioning and determine the severity of the deformity.

Treatment focuses on relieving pressure, reducing discomfort, and supporting normal foot function. Wearing shoes with a wider toe box can give the big toe more room. Protective padding may reduce friction and pressure, while activity changes can also help limit irritation. Supportive orthotics may improve weight distribution and foot alignment. Early evaluation can help identify contributing factors and guide appropriate care before symptoms become more difficult to manage. If you have developed a bunion, it is suggested that you consult a podiatrist who can offer effective relief and management tips.

If you are suffering from bunions, contact Cary Golub, DPM of New York. Our doctor can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.

What Is a Bunion?

A bunion is formed of swollen tissue or an enlargement of boney growth, usually located at the base joint of the toe that connects to the foot. The swelling occurs due to the bones in the big toe shifting inward, which impacts the other toes of the foot. This causes the area around the base of the big toe to become inflamed and painful.

Why Do Bunions Form?

Genetics – Susceptibility to bunions are often hereditary

Stress on the feet – Poorly fitted and uncomfortable footwear that places stress on feet, such as heels, can worsen existing bunions

How Are Bunions Diagnosed?

Podiatrists often perform two tests – blood tests and x-rays – when trying to diagnose bunions, especially in the early stages of development. Blood tests help determine if the foot pain is being caused by something else, such as arthritis, while x-rays provide a clear picture of your bone structure to your provider.

How Are Bunions Treated?

• Refrain from wearing heels or similar shoes that cause discomfort
• Select wider shoes that can provide more comfort and reduce pain
• Anti-inflammatory and pain management drugs
• Orthotics or foot inserts
• Surgery

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our offices located in Williston Park, and Long Beach, NY . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.